Farheen Ujjan Feature English MMC 66

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Farheen Ujjan Feature English MMC 66

                              Dhak Bazar Shikarpur

Farheen Ujjan

Feature

M.A Roll no: 66

''A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots''

Shikarpur which was considered as the Paris of Sindh is not only famous for its pickle, sweets, qulfi falooda or seven gates but Dhak Bazar is also one of them, which adds beauty to Shikarpur city.

Dhak bazar is covered with a sagwan wooden roof, it was said to be the longest covered market in sub-continent in previous time.

Well ventilated roof of the market was built with teak wood (Sagwan) and it has been serving as a cool shade during the burning summer season of Shikarpur.

It is an architectural marvel, it is located in the center of the city, it is a long narrow street and it has shops on both sides, it originates from Lakhidar and ends at Stuart Ganj.

This market was built in the time of the Mughals by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in the 1780 to 1790.

The most interesting fact about this market is that it has a unique architectural design of crisscross ceiling.

This market is always crowded with narrow passages so that is why it is built to allow light and wind to pass through it and the wooden framework protects this market from rain and never let enter rain water in the market and there were fire hydrants that were being used in washing the market but now a days they are out of order. 

It was a street almost bisecting the city about 800 yards long and ramifying on either side, it is a long passage darkened and guarded against the sun by mats resting upon chevron-shaped beams which spring from the house tops on either side , we find none the long acre speciality which, throughout the east.

Shikarpur along with other contemporary cities like Bukhara, Samarkand and Istanbul had a covered street market at that time and in present time there is also Qenchi market in Matiari that is also covered with scissor like wooden ceiling and it is very much identical to the historic Dhak bazar of Shikarpur.

Dhak bazar has a large capacity to satisfy the local buyers, there are hundreds of diverse markets at this place which is being crowded throughout the day with buying and selling going on almost all day round from all sorts of clothing, bangles, shoes, crockery, cosmetics, jewellery, household material, grocery, electronics, sports goods, handicrafts, dry fruits, fruits, vegetables, dairy products and pickle etc.

Dhak bazar lined with shops mostly run by Hindus in previous time but currently people of different castes run these shops.

In previous time there was a person named Tara Singh Jawahri whose shop was very famous because he had precious stones, pearls and diamonds in his shop for selling such as Ruby, stones, Yellow Saphire, Gemstone, Brazilian Emerald green stone, African diamonds and Red Coral stones were available in his shop.

Shikarpuris are also the pioneers of the financial instrument called ''Hundi'', which was acceptable in different parts of the world and was considered as good as gold. Shikarpuris brought all their earnings to their town and that is why bankers of different parts of the world had commercial relations with the market.

Shikarpur was the centre for trading hub and was the greatest commercial city just because of its strategic location, it was very famous for trade of clothes in the world as Shikarpur had big and famous market which was one of the four famous markets of the world so that is why merchants from different parts of the world used to come here for trading...

Moreover according to Professor Badarudin Ujjan: During British rule fire incident happened in Dhak bazaar that was initiated from Meena bazaar and spread so quickly that it was engulfed a vast area of roof, then our ancestors Ujjans residents of that area and few more people with the help of their own behalf extinguished and quenched on fire, then British government present keys of shops infront of those people including Ujjans and asked them to pick key of any shop as reward but they did not accept it and set an example by returning back those keys and after this act British government gave 5 rupee as reward to them , this incident is not present in history but it should be written on golden pages of history, however this was the reason that they disconnected the wooden roof to control on fire and that is why it has decreased in length.

Before partition of sub-continent this market was on exalting position but currently due to carelessness many parts of the roof have broken and wood has stolen that is why it has lost its beauty and now a days the market which was covered with roof to serve as a cool shade during the hot and burning summer days it is now on the verge of most unfortunate of time , it has been rendered and on the brink of deterioration, it has been suffocated , shopkeepers and people who come to market for shopping , trading and visiting complain about this thing and hue and cry situation has been created due to narrow passage and mismanagement of shops goods and mostly shopkeepers complains that they are in trouble, they face difficulty it has been very difficult for them to sit in the shops during boiling days of summer and in result it causes dehydration.

Visiting Dhak bazar itself is a unique experience for visitors and Shikarpur being the greatest commercial city in Sindh must be provided proper attention, it is very important to maintain these famous and antique places because they have historical and cultural significance and economic value.

I am talking about something that cannot be bought, it is our heritage, and it needs to be preserved for community, government should take some steps to protect it.

''A concerted effort effort to preserve our heritage is a vital link to our cultural, educational, aesthetic, inspirational and economic legacies, all of the things that quite literally make us who we are''

Farheen Ujjan - Article - English - MMC/66

Endangered Species

Article 

Farheen Ujjan

2k20/MMC/66

English

Endangered Species are the type of species that are in danger of disappearing forever.

If a species dies out completely it becomes extinct Once they extinct they never be seen on earth again many species of animal & plants are endangered and extinct each year.

According to IUCN 12% of all birds 33% of amphibians and 50% 0f palm trees are threatread with extinction.                                                                                              

1960 to 2000 human population of the world has doubled but the animals population have declined by 30%.

137 species are estimated to go extinct each day and 50000 species are estimated to go extinct each year.

 95% of known plant species have not yet been screened for their medicinal values.

It is estimated that the current rate of species extinction is between 1000 and 100,000 more rapid than the average rate during the last several billion years.

The growth of human population’s consumption levels and mobility is the root of most of the serious threats to biodiversity today.

The IUCN publishes a new version of its Red list every July.

In the latest version, more than 13.000 animals were listed as threatened.

According to IUCN red list following are top 10 endangered animals in Pakistan:

Markhor, Long billed vulture, Snow leopard, Baluchistan black bear, Green turtles, Indus river dolphin, Marco polo sheep, fishing cat, Cranes and Houbara bustard.

WWF Launched different projects in Pakistan to protect endangered species of Pakistan.

In 1973, The Endangered Species Act was passed by our government to protect disappering plants and animals.

More than 900 species of plants and animals in U.S and more than 530 species living in other parts of the world are protected by the Endangered Species Act.

HIPPO is the cause of animals and plants extinction.

Here HIPPO is used as an acronym that means.

H: Habitat destruction

I: Introduced/invasive species

P: Pollution

P: Population

O: Over hunting

H: Habitat destruction:

This occurs when a particular area is converted from usable to unusable habitat.

Industrial activities, agriculture, aquaculture, mining, deforestation and water extraction are all central causes of habitat loss

This includes deforestation for wood for cooking food.

Habitat fragmentation, the loss of large units of habitat is also a serious threat to biodiversity.

I: Introduced / Invasive species

When an animal, plant or microbe moves into new area, it can affect the resident species in several different ways new species can parasitize or predate upon residents, hybridize with them, compete with them for food, bring unfamiliar diseases, modify habitats or disrupt important interactions.

P: Pollution

The discharge of toxic synthetic chemical and heavy metals into the environment has a huge impact on species abundance and can lead to extinction  it is an important to remember the substances that are natural can become pollution when they are too abundant is a certain  area.

P: Population

The growing human population is a significant threat to many of the world’s wild life species and it many also be a threat to human themselves in addition, rapid growth in the demand for suburban housing has pushed human development farther and farther away from cities destroying more habitats and endangering more species.

O: Over Hunting

Over hunting is reached as the third most notorious cause of animal, extinction.

The world wild life fund (WWF) reports that overhunting is responsible for 23% of extinctions.

Many humans are forcing animals into extinction by over-consuming them or killing them for economic grains.

They must be protected and saved so generations can experience their value, Plants and animals are responsible for useful medicines these species help save lives and contribute to a pharmaceutical industry.

There are some ways to help protect wild life.

Avoid habitat destruction, invasive species, overhunting, control over population, reduce pollution and remember to share your passion and concern for the animals and environment with friends, family, your community and the world!

“The most hope for endangered species lies in the hands, of young people like you, who care enough to make a difference”. 

Practical work carried under supervision of Sir Sohail Sangi, at Institute of Media & Communication Studies, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan